中英文对应科技词汇的翻译

1.单心室辅助人工心脏应用于实验动物山羊，存活11天又23小时。在存活期间，动物心电图，中心静脉压，呼吸，体温等参数基本正常。石泵分流量可调，驱动装置连续工作11天，性能稳定可靠。动物死后的病理解剖表明，死亡的主要原因是肾动脉的广泛性血栓引起的急性肾功能衰竭。

A univentricular assistant artificial heart was applied to the experiment goat, which survived for 11 days and 23 hours. During the period of survival, the parameters such as E.C.G., central venous blood pressure, respiration and temperature appeared to be essentially normal. The necessary amount of blood flow was well regulated by the pump. The driving system worked continuously, smoothly and reliably for 11 days. Postmortem patho-anatomy revealed that the chief cause of the animal’s death was acute renal failure as a result of widespread multiple embolism of renal arteries.

2. 中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。

The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.

3.石墨晶体结构遭到破坏时，总是碎化为微小尺寸的片状粉末。孤立的石墨烯片在其边缘存在大量的悬挂键，使得石墨烯片的能量较高，状态也不稳定。石墨烯片卷曲形成碳纳米管后，悬挂键减少，系统能量相应降低。

When a graphite crystal is crushed, it breaks into micro-scaled laminar flakes. There are many dangling bonds on the edge of an isolated graphite micro-sheet which elevates its energy and makes it unstable. When a graphite micro-sheet curls into a nanotube, the number of dangling bonds decreases, and the system energy is reduced accordingly.

4.舌诊是传统中医诊病的重要方法，然而传统舌诊中存在一个很大的问题是具有主观性，难于进行定量化描述。随着计算机技术的发展，图像处理和模式识别技术正在用于舌诊的辅助诊断。

Tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine. However, one important problem in tongue diagnosis is that its practice is subjective, qualitative and difficult in automated diagnosis. Recently it is a trend to utilize the image processing and pattern recognition technology in aid of the quantitative analysis of tongue image.

5.指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的一种指向仪器，它和以差动齿轮结构的指南车不同。我们现在所说的指南针是个总的名称，在各个不同的历史发展时期，它有不同的形体，也有不同的名称，如司南、指南鱼和指南针。关于指南针的最初发明者和发明年代现在无可查考。但是有一点是清楚的：指南针是我国古代劳动人民在长期的生产实践中集体智慧的结晶。

A magnetic compass is an instrument showing direction based on the phenomenon that a magnetic bar or needle swinging freely in the earth’s magnetic field will direct itself to lie in a magnetic south-north position. It differs from the south-pointing chariot in that the latter has differential gearing. The term “compass” in this article includes all the various models in different historical periods, among them there are the Sinan, the Zhinanyu and the Zhinanzhen. The inventor and the exact invention dates remain unknown, but it is clear that the primitive magnetic south-pointing instrument appeared very early in China as a result of the knowledge people gained over long years of labor.

6. 原油一般发现地下之深处，只通过对地表面的研究是不能确定油的存在的。因此必须进行地下岩石结构的地质勘测。如果认为某地区的岩石中有油，就架起钻井机。钻井机最显目的部分是称之为起重机的高塔。钻孔后放下管道，起重机就是用来起吊一节节管道的。钻井时，将钢管压进孔道，既能防止四壁向内塌陷，又能防止水灌进孔道。一旦发现了油，油管的顶端就牢牢地套上一个盖子，这样油便通过一系列的阀门源源不断地喷出来。

As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a drilling-rig is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling-rig is a tall tower which is called a derrick. The derrick is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in and to stop water filling the hole. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of vales.

7.“苏钢”操作的要点是：先把料铁放到炉里鼓风加热，后把生铁的一端斜放到炉口里加热，继续鼓风，使炉内温度不断升高。当炉温在摄氏一千三百度左右的时候，炉内的生铁不断地往下滴铁水，料铁已经软化。然后钳住生铁块在炉外的一端，使铁水均匀淋到料铁上，并且不断翻动料铁。这样就产生剧烈的氧化。淋完以后，停止鼓风，夹出钢团，砧上锤击，去除夹杂。一般要淋两次。“苏钢”冶炼高明的地方主要有二点：一是料铁组织疏松，含有大量的氧化夹杂，硅、锰、碳含量也比较高，炼的时候氧化剧烈，造成一定的渣、铁分离。二是料铁中铁的氧化物氧化了生铁中的碳以后，铁便被还原出来，这样就提高了金属的收得率。

The main steps in processing su steel are as follows: wrought iron is put into the furnace and heated with a blast, then one end of a cast-iron block is placed obliquely in the furnace opening to be heated. The blast is maintained so that the temperature continues to rise. When a furnace temperature of about 1,300℃ is reached, the cast iron will melt and start to drip, while the wrought iron is softened. The cast-iron block is then held in tongs from the outside to let the molten cast iron drip evenly onto the wrought iron, which is being steadily stirred to cause strong oxidation. After dripping, the blast is stopped and the steel mass taken out and hammered to remove impurities. This dripping should generally be done twice. Su steel smelting has two advantages: ① during the pouring process there is strong oxidation which results in separation of slag and iron, the wrought iron being soft in structure and containing large amounts of oxide impurities, and also silicon, manganese and carbon. ② after oxides in the wrought iron cause oxidation of the carbon in the cast iron, iron will be deoxidized, giving higher rates of metal reclamation.

8.吸拔时先用右手食、中指夹持罐腹，用拇指按压罐底，使气罐变成凹底形状，随后把气罐平放于应吸部位上，再用左手拇、食两指固定罐口，右手拇、食两指移到罐腹进行挤捏，使罐底凸起，一旦罐底变成凹形就可牢固吸着。

First, clamp the belly part between you right-hand fore and middle fingers, press the thumb against the bottom so that the air jar becomes concave; then lay the jar mouth on the part of the body to be cupped. Second, fix the jar mouth with the left-hand thumb and forefinger, then move the right-hand thumb and forefinger to squeeze the belly part so that the bottom of the jar becomes convex. Once the belly part is concave the jar is cupped tightly.

9.到了清代康熙年间，我国大规模地开展全国性地图测量工作，绘制《皇舆全图》的时候，吸取了欧洲制图理论中考虑大地是球面的优点，进行经纬度测量，并且采用了地图投影方法。但是我国传统的制图理论，讲求比例尺寸、方位和距离的准确，仍然是测绘地图所必须遵守的重要原则。

During the reign of the Emperor King Xi (1662-1722) in the Qing Dynasty, a complete geographical survey of the empire was carried out in preparing Huang Yu Quan Tu (Complete Atlas of the Imperial Domain). The European method of regarding the earth’s surface as a sphere was adopted. Latitude and longitude surveys were done and the project method was used in drawing the map. Nevertheless, the traditional Chinese rules of map-making-- accurate proportion, correct orientation and precise distance-- were closely adhered to by cartographers pf those days.

10.虚拟网络是一种依赖互联网基础设施所提供的传输能力，但又具有独立拓扑结构和信息传递规则的应用层网络行为逻辑网络。人们利用新型耦合抽象模型考察典型的虚拟网络逻辑拓扑给互联网整体特性带来的影响。结构表明在虚拟网络作用下，节点数据包排队长度存在相变特性，相变临界点比对规则网络发生了明显左移，网络性能相对恶化。当数据包注入速率小于相变临界速率时，节点数据包排队长度不相关或短程相关；在接近临界速率处，节点数据包排队长度长程相关，幂指数H增大，网络获得更强的长程相关性。同时，在注入速率大于或等于临界速率时，虚拟网络行为使网络呈现出一致的长程相关特性。

A virtual network is defined as a logical network, in which users exhibit their access behaviors. Virtual networks rely on physical computer networks like the Internet, but here different topologies, and cause significant influence on the physical networks. A novel two-tier model is used to study influences of virtual networks to Internet collective behavior. It is shown that the queue lengths of the node data packets present phase transition characteristics. Moreover, the phase transition critical point moves to the left and network performance is deteriorated. In a free flow, the nodes are independent of each other or short-range correlative. In the critical state, the nodes are long-range correlative, and there exists a higher power exponent H which means stronger long-range correlation. When the system state is on the right of critical point, virtual network behaviors make the network to present consistent long-range correlative characteristic.